Orthognathic surgery — commonly referred to as jaw surgery — corrects skeletal misalignments of the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both. For patients who have lived with significant bite problems, jaw pain, or facial asymmetry, it can be transformative.
Who Needs Orthognathic Surgery?
Candidates typically have conditions such as a severe underbite (lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper), overbite or overjet (upper jaw or teeth significantly extend forward), open bite (upper and lower teeth don't meet when the mouth is closed), facial asymmetry (one side of the face notably different from the other), or obstructive sleep apnea with a skeletal component. These conditions often cannot be corrected with orthodontic treatment alone because they involve the bone structure itself, not just tooth position.
The Surgical Process
Orthognathic surgery is typically performed in a hospital under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth to access the jawbones, then carefully repositions them using specialized instruments. Titanium plates and screws hold the jaw in its new position while healing occurs. The procedure can take 2–5 hours depending on complexity.
Recovery and Results
Initial recovery takes 1–3 weeks, during which swelling and jaw stiffness are common. Most patients return to normal activities within 4–6 weeks. Full bone healing takes several months. The functional improvements are significant: better chewing, clearer speech, and relief from jaw pain. Many patients also report improved confidence in their appearance as their facial proportions become more balanced.
If you've been told your bite or jaw alignment cannot be fixed with orthodontics alone, a consultation with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon will help determine whether jaw surgery is the right path for you.